The Role of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Musculoskeletal Imaging

Abstract

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) enables material decomposition and virtual monochromatic images by acquiring 2 different energy X-ray data sets. DECT can detect musculoskeletal pathologic conditions that CT alone cannot, and that would otherwise require MR imaging. In this review, the authors discuss several useful techniques and applications of DECT in musculoskeletal research: virtual monochromatic images, virtual noncalcium images, gout, iodine map, and tendons.

KEY POINTS
 Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can reduce beam hardening artifacts by synthesizing a
virtual monochromatic image and enables detailed evaluation of prosthetic complications.
 DECT can display monosodium urate crystal deposition, which helps to make a correct diagnosis in
atypical gout and precise therapeutic assessment.
 DECT iodine maps can delineate soft tissue inflammation of arthritis and may be beneficial for
evaluating peripheral joints because of its high spatial resolution.

OBESITY and SARCOPENIA

OBESITY and SARCOPENIA

BODY COMPOSITION

When conducting an obesity trial to measure body composition, it’s important to choose imaging options that provide accurate and reliable results. Here are some of the best imaging modalities commonly used for this purpose:

  • Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA): DXA scans are highly accurate and are considered the gold standard for measuring body composition. They can provide information about bone density, fat mass, and lean mass.
  • Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: CT scans can offer detailed information about fat distribution within the body, allowing for precise measurements of visceral and subcutaneous fat.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI can provide excellent visualization of fat and lean tissue, offering insights into body composition. It’s non-invasive and does not involve radiation.
  • Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA): While not an imaging modality in the traditional sense, BIA uses electrical impedance to estimate body composition. It’s relatively simple and cost-effective.
  • Ultrasound: Ultrasound imaging can be used to assess the subcutaneous fat thickness and muscle thickness at specific locations, making it useful for localized body composition measurements.
  • Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP): ADP, commonly measured using the BodPod, calculates body composition based on the principles of air displacement. It’s non-invasive and provides accurate results.
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: PET scans can be used to assess metabolic activity in fat tissue, providing insights into obesity-related metabolic changes.

The choice of imaging modality should depend on factors such as the specific research goals, budget, and accessibility of equipment. It’s often advisable to consult with a medical imaging expert or radiologist to determine the most suitable option for your obesity trial. Additionally, consider ethical and safety aspects when conducting imaging studies involving human participants

About IAG, Image Analysis Group

IAG is a unique partner to life sciences companies developing new treatment and driving the hope of the up-coming precision medicine. IAG leverages expertise in medical imaging and the power of DYNAMIKA™, our proprietary cloud-based platform, to de-risk clinical development and deliver lifesaving therapies into the hands of patients much sooner. IAG provides early drug efficacy assessments, smart patient recruitment and predictive analysis of advanced treatment manifestations, thus lowering investment risk and accelerating study outcomes.

Acting as imaging Contract Research Organization, IAG’s experts also recognize the significance of a comprehensive approach to asset development. They actively engage in co-development projects with both private and public sectors, demonstrating a commitment to cultivating collaboration and advancing healthcare solutions.

Contact our expert team: imaging.experts@ia-grp.com

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Experience: Scoring Systems
  • Eligibility and Safety Assessments
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) Score
  • Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI)
  • Fat Mass Index (FMI)
  • Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI)
  • Total Body Fat Percentage
  • Sarcopenia Index
  • Epicardial Fat Volume Score
  • Liver Fat Score
  • Muscle Quality Score
  • Phase Angle (PhA)
Experience: Imaging
  • MRI
  • DEXA
  • CT
  • PET, PET-CT
  • Ultrasound
  • ADP
  • BIA
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